Electric motor



(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 1 E. D. PRIEST.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 595,410. Patented Dec. 14, 1897.

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B. D. PRIEST. ELEGTRIU MOTOR. N0. 595, i1O. A Patented D ec.14.1897.

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B. D. PRIEST.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

Patented Dec. 14,1897.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. E. D. BRIEST. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

Patented'Dec. 14,1897.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'EDIVARD D. PRIEST, OF SOI'IENEOTADY, NEl/V YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THEGENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF NE\V YORK.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,410, dated December14, 1897.

Application filed April 13, 1897. Serial No. 631,914. (No model.)

1'0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD D. PRIEST, a citizen of the United States,residing at Sch enectady, in the county of Schenectady, State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ElectricMotors, (Case No. 541,) of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to electric motors, and more particularlyto those employed for propelling vehicles upon electric railways. Itsobj ectis to provide an electric railway-motor of increased capacitywithout increasing its over-all dimensions.

The field-magnet frame is cast in a single piece and provided withremovable frameheads, in which the armattire-bearings are supported, theframe-heads also constituting the ends of the motor. ported from theinner faces of the heads and extend inward under the overhanging ends ofthe armaturewinding and commutator-shell, so that the motor presents asmooth exterior appearance. By this arrangement the motorframe canoccupy all of the available space on the car-truck without providing forthe bearing extensions employed on other motors with which I amfamiliar.

In the accompanying drawings, attached to and made a part of thisspecification, Figure 1 is a side view of a motor embodying myinvention.Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and at aredetail views showing the construction of the laminated pole-pieces. Fig.5 is a cross-section showing the arrangement of brush-holders. Fig. 6 isa sectional View showing the construction of the ring which supports thebrush holder studs. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the means employed inremoving the armature from the motor, and Fig. 8 is a perspective viewof a field-spool support.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the field-magnet A isshown as cast in one piece, with short rearwardly-extending lugs Aforming a part of the axle-bearings. Removable caps A are provided forthe bearings, and formed integral therewith are boxes A in which areplaced oil and waste for lubrieating the axle B.

The bearings are sup- At the front end of the motor is a trunnion O,which supports the motor by engaging with a cross-bar of the truck. Anyother of the well-kn own means may ,however, be employed instead of thetrunnion.

The motor has four poles, each provided with a coil D, which issurrounded bya castmetal spool D, protecting it from injury. Heretoforeit has been customary to divide the field-frame of electric railway-motors into two parts, either on a line through the centers of thearmature an d axle or on a diagonal. With a motor having four woundpoles and divided on the center line it is necessary to place the coilsat an angle of forty-five degrees with the line of division, whichnecessitates increasing the distance from the center of the armature tothe under side of the motor to allow for the adjacent lower ends of thecoils. It also necessitates increasing the length of the motor for thesame reason. \Vhen the motor is split on a diagonal and the coils arecarried on the upper and lower parts, there are certain me chanicalreasons which make it objectionable, mainly on account of the increasedcost of machine-work and the arrangement of the bearings. By casting thefield-magnet in one piece I dispense with the joint between the parts,which increases the efliciency of the motor by providing a better pathfor the lines of force, and at the same time the machining is decreased.Preferably laminated polepieces E are employed similar to those shown inFigs. 3 and a. The pole-pieces consist of a number of counterpartpunchings assembled and secured together by rivets E and then bolted tothe field-magnet by bolts The inner edge of each punching is cut 011 tworadii, one half being concentric with the armature and the otherhalfgradually receding therefrom as the end is approached. I11 assembling,the punchings are alternated, the non-concentric ends of certainpunchings lying between the concentric ends of adjacent punchings. Theobject of this arrangement is to produce a stiff field, so that adistinct line of commutation will be preserved, in a manner describedand claimed in Patent No. 563,911, granted July 14, 1896, to T. Cooper,and by gradually increasing the distance bebrasses F tween the armatureand point e a gradual stiffening of the field is produced from thecenter of the pole-piece in both directions.

In assembling the parts of the motor the field-coils D, which have beenseparately wound and insulated, are placed in their respective positionsand secured by means of the shoulders formed on the laminatedpole-pieces, the pole-pieces being secured by bolts E.

In Fig. 8 is shown a slight modification of the support for thefield-coils. This consists ofa sheet-metal punchingd,havingupwardlyextending pieces d, which protect the inner surface ofthe field-coil D (shown in dotted lines) from injury. \Vhen punched, thepieces d are in the same plane with the main body d of the support andare formed by diagonal cuts which extend from the corners toward thecenter. These pieces are then bent backward, and the shoulders thusformed on two of the sides rest upon the shoulders formed 011 theremovable pole-pieces E and support the coil. By this construction avery cheap strong support is obtained.

The field-magnet is provided with circular removable frame-heads F andF, forming bearings for the armature-shaft G which are mounted inshoulders formed 011 the frame and are secured thereto by bolts L. Theheads of the bolts are partially surrounded by lugs L, and extendingthrough the lugs and bolt-heads are cotter-pins L preventing the boltsfrom turning. In addition to supporting the bearings the heads form theends of the motor and form with the field-magnet casting acomplete]y-inelosed structure. By making the heads circular thecost of111 achining is reduced to a minimum. The heads are similar inconstruction, varying only in slight detail. The head F on the gear endis made greater in diameter than the head F to facilitate the insertionof the field-coils and the armature. The head F is provided with aprojection F extending inwardly under the coil-support I, and forms asupport for the The inner end of the projecting head is provided with acurved flange Ffiwhich acts as a receptacle for oil received from theoil-thrower I and prevents it from working outward. If, however, the oilworks past this flange and along the under surface of the coil-supportuntil it reaches the flange or oilthrower 1 it will be conveyed into thereceptacle F which in turn communicates with the receptacle F on theoutside of the motor. A sheet-iron cover F is provided which forms oneside of an inclosing chamber F in which are placed oil and waste forlubricating the armature-shaft. In addition to the cover F the head F onthe commutator end is provided with a cover F for protecting the end ofthe armature-shaft from dust. The cover is provided with a depression inwhich is mounted a spring f, engaging with the head of thescrew-threaded stud f.

The armature G is provided with a body G seaeio of laminze mounted upona sleeve G which is secured to armature-shaft G. The gear end of thesleeve is provided with a flange G, and between it and the head J areclamped the laminae. The flange is provided with an extension I, whichforms a support for the overhanging ends of the armature-conductors.Formed integral with the coil-support is an oil-thrower 1 which protectsthe armature-winding from oil from the bearing. A second oil-thrower Iis also formed integral with the sleeve and throws oil. into thereceptacle formed by the flange F of the bearing. The armature-head J issecured in place by nut J, and in addition to clamping the lamime itserves as a support for the overhanging ends of the armature-conductors.

The commutator is provided with a shell K, which is rigidly secured tothe shaft G". Formed integral with the shell is a beveled clampingdevice K, and between this and the adjustable clamp I are thecommutatorsegments. Cast integral with the shell is an outwardly-flaringflange K acting as an oilthrower and conveying any oil which may escapefrom the bearing into the receptacle F.

Situated above and below the commutator are covers M and M, the cover Mbeing held in position by means of a suitable clamp M and being removedwhen it is desired to inspect the commutator and brushes. The cover M issecured to the magnet-frame by bolts and is removed when it is desiredto clean the motor or inspect the lower lleldcoil.

In Figs. 5 and 6 I have shown a slight modification of my invention, inwhich the fieldmagnet frame is substantially a cube and ten rbrush-holders are employed instead of two, as with the usualconstruction. The framehead F is circular and mounted in a shoulderformed on the field-magnet A and is secured thereto by bolts L. Thebearing and commutator being the same as described in connection withFigs. 1 and 2 further description is unnecessary. Bolted to the insideof the framehead are pieces N, forming supports for the grooved ring 0.This ring is supported in such manner that it can be rotated when it isdesired to inspect the brushes, but is normally held in the positionshown by the locking device I. As an additional support the ring isprovided with a square shoulder which engages with projection F on theframe-head.

The brush holders are carried by the grooved ring, and each is providedwith an elliptical stud Q, of metal, which is surrounded with a layer ofmica or other insulating material Q and a metal sleeve Q Formed integralwith the stud Q is a plate Q3, which is secured to the grooved ring bymeans of bolts Q, slots Q, being provided in the plate to permitadjusting.

The brush-holder proper consists of a rectangular boX or socket It,having rearwardlyprojecting lugs B, through which the stud Q supports UU at its outer ends.

extends. In practice I have found that it is preferable to shrink thebox or socket upon the elliptical stud, thereby simplifying theconstruction and decreasing the cost of manufacture. A lug R is alsoprovided, and to this is secured the armature lead. Upon the lug R isformed a stud R having split ends in which are mounted a pair of spiralsprings R the springs keeping the brushes in contact with thecommutator. The outer end of each spring is provided with a handle Remployed in raising the spring to renew the car bon brush. To increasethe conductivity between the brush and socket, a flexible metal strip Ris secured to the socket by screw 1'' and to the brush by a spring-clipR This being a four-pole machine the top and bottom brushes arecross-connected by a cable S and the two side brushes by cable S.

To inspect the brushes and holders, the cover M is removed from theopening at the top of the motor. The locking device P is raised. Thegrooved ring 0 can then be rotated by hand, bringing the differentbrushes to the top. By this construction it will be seen that all of thebrushes may be inspected and the armature removed without disturbin gthe brushho lders.

Referring to Fig. 7, the means for removing the armature will bedescribed. By any suitable means the motor is lowered into the pit belowthe vehicle or other suitable place and is placed upon the truck. T. Thetruck consists of abase T, provided with wheels permitting it to travelto and fro on tracks T The tracks are mounted upon a suitable base,which is provided with vertically-extending In the support U is mounteda center U corresponding to the dead-center in a lathe, and in thesupport U is mounted an adjustable center U provided with a hand-wheeland a locking device U The locking device consists of a pivoted armengaging with notches U in the hub of the hand-wheel.

To remove the armature, the motor is placed upon the truck T, the latterbeing moved to the left-hand side of the base, and the center U isadjusted so that the armature is supported between it and the center Uin the same manner as in a lathe. The bolts L are then removed from theframe-head F and the field-magnet moved to the right to the positionshown. The armature is now in a position to be examined, or it mayberemoved bysuitable m cans to a more convenient place. In some instancesit is desirable to remove the pinion V and the frame-head F from themachine before removing the armature, but ordinarily the arrangementshown would be employed.

By arranging the armature-bearin gs so that they are substantiallywithin the field-magnet frame and under the overhanging ends of thearmature-winding and commutator-shell I am enabled to use a much largermotor on a standard truck than heretofore, the fieldmagnet being made ofsuch size that it occupies the entire space on the truck instead ofallowing for projecting bearings as commonly employed.

I have shown and described my invention in connection with arailway-motor, for it has its greatest utility in connection therewith;but it is evident that certain of the features of the invention can beused with other kinds of motors and generators.

lVhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is

1. In an electric railway-motor, the combination of a field-magnetframe, a bearing for maintaining the field-magnet in alinement with thecar-axle, a separate frame-head at one end of the motor, saidfield-magnet and head forming an inclosed structure protecting thearmature and commutator, and armature-bearings extending under theprojectin g parts of the armature.

2. In an electric motor, the combination of an iron-clad fieldqnagnetframe inclosing the armature and commutator; with an armature having awinding of the barrel form with ends projecting beyond the body oflamina: and supports for the projecting ends of the Winding, and aninwardly-projecting armature-bearing on the gear end of the motorbeneaththe adjacent winding-support, as set forth.

3. In an electric motor, the combination of a field-magnet frame, anarmature having a winding with an overhanging end, a coil-support forthe overhanging end of the winding, a commutator having anoutwardly-flaring shell, and armature-bearings projecting under thecoil-support and commutator-shell.

4. In an armature, the combination of a body of laminae, a sleeve towhich the laminze are secured, a shaft rotating with the sleeve, and anoil thrower or throwers formed integral with the sleeve.

5. In a commutator for a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of ashell which is rigidly secured to a moving part of the machine, aclamping device formed integral therewith, an adjustable clamp, and anoutwardly-flaring flange 011 the shell acting as an oil-thrower.

6. In an electric motor, the combination of a field-magnet frame cast inone piece and supported by suitable bearings upon the caraxle, anarmature, circular removable frameheads, armaturebearings mountedtherein, and a receptacle or chamber on the framehead adapted to receivethe oil which works outward from the bearing.

'7. In an electric motor, the combination of a field-magnet frame castin one piece, a sleeve upon which the armature-laminae are supported, ashaft rigidly connected to the sleeve, a flange formed on the sleeveagainst which the lamina; abut, a coil-support formed integral with thesleeve, an oil-thrower also formed on the sleeve, and a removableframehead provided with a bearing which projects under the end of thesleeve and coil-support.

8. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a cast field-magnet,and laminated removable pole-tips secured thereto,the laminae consistingof counterpart punchings each having one half of its face concentricwith the armature and the other half curved 011 a larger radius towardthe pole-tip.

9. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a cast field-magnet,laminated removable pole-pieces bolted thereto, the laminze consistingof counterpart punchin gs each having one half of its face concentricwith the armature, and the other half describing an arc of a circlewhich is non-concentric with the armature, the laminae being assembledso that non-concentric ends of certain laminae are between theconcentric ends of adjacent laminze.

10. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of an inclosingfield-magnet, an armature, removable frame-heads inclosing the end ofthe motor, projections upon the heads forming supports for thearmature-bearings, a ring mounted for rotary movement upon one of theheads, and brush-holders carried by the ring.

11. Inadynamo-electric machine, the combination of an inclosingfield-magnet frame, an armature, removable frame-heads forming supportsfor the armature-bearings, a ring mounted for rotary movement upon oneof the heads, elliptical brush-holder studs secured to the ring, andsurrounded by insulation, and brush-sockets shrunk upon the studs.

12. In a brush-holder, the combination of an elliptical stud, a supporttherefor, a brushsocket, a lug thereon for securing the socket to thestud, spiral springs engaging with the brushes mounted in the sockets,and a stud to which the springs are secured.

13. In a device for removing armatures from motors, the combination of abase, tracks upon the base, a motor-carriage adapted to travel on thetracks, standards secured to the base, a fixed center mounted in one ofthe standards and adapted to extend through the motor when the armatureis removed, and

an adjustable center mounted in the other standard, the arrangement ofcenters being such that the motor-armature is supported between themwhen the motor-frame is moved in a direction to uncover the armature.

14. In a dynamo-electric machine having a removable pole-piece, thecombination of an energizing-coil and a support therefor consisting of asheet-metal punching having upwardlyextending pieces formed integraltherewith, the pieces protecting the inner portion of the coil from thepole and the main body of the punching the bottom of the coil.

15. An electric motor having an iron-clad field-magnet frame, anarmature and commutator having overhanging surfaces at opposite sides ofthe motor, and bearings for the armature-shaft extending inward andunderneath the overhanging portions of the armature and commutator,whereby space in the direction of the armature-shaft is economized, asset forth.

16. In an electric motor of the iron-clad type, the combination of anarmature having an overhanging end projecting from the core, afield-magnet, and a bearing for the armature-shaft extending inward andunderneath said overhanging end of the armature.

17. In an electric railway-motor, the combination of a field-magnet,bearings for maintaining it in alinement with the car-axle, separateframe-heads at the ends of the motor, armature-bearings extending underthe projecting parts of the armature, and separated therefrom by aspace, and an oil conveyer or thrower located between the bearings andthe armature.

18. In a brush-holder, the combination of a metal stud, a layer ofinsulation surrounding the stud, a metal sleeve surrounding theinsulation, a brush box shrunk upon the stud, and a spring for applyingpressure to the brush.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 9th day of April,1897.

EDIVARD D. PRIEST.

Witnesses:

B. B. HULL, M. H. EMERSON.

